Introduction Synonyms of the Disease Life cycle Diagnosis Introduction Theilerioses are a group of tick-borne diseases caused by eukaryotic obligate intracellular protozoan parasites from the Theileria genus. Many Theileria species are present in both domestic and...
Family Enterobacteriaceae Members of the Enterobacteriaceae of veterinary importance: Genus Species sub-species Serotype Escherichia Escherichia coli Escherichia fergussonii Escherichia hermannii Escherichia vulneris Escherichia alberti Salmonella Salmonella enterica...
A toxoid is a protein toxin, which has been denatured (by e.g. heat or chemical treatment) and has, therefore, lost its toxicity. A toxoid retains, however, its antigenic properties and can, therefore, be used in vaccines. Toxoids are toxins without toxic activity...
Bacterial Vaccines: Bacterial vaccines are composed of attenuated versions of the pathogen; that is, they are alive but reduced in virulence. Attenuation may be accomplished in a number of ways: selection of a naturally occurring attenuated strain, repeated passage...
Bacterins: Bacterins are the vaccines containing killed bacteria.They are usually produced by chemical killing of the infectious agent, with the aim to preserve bacterial structures expressing epitopes important in eliciting a protective immune response. This is...
BACTERIAL STRUCTURE Cell Envelope: Four(4) layers are Capsule/ Slime layer Outer membrane Cell wall Inner membrane When the layer consists of a network of polysaccharides extending from the surface of the cell, it is referred to as the glycocalyx, a term that can...
All the bacterias are colorless and have some refractive index to the aqueous salt present in the surrounding.So it is difficult to observe structural details until the microscope is optimally adjusted.To overcome this problem the bacterias are colored with stains....
Antony van Leewenhoek (1632-1723): 1677: First scientist who observed bacteria and other microorganisms using home a single lens microscope constructed by him and he named those organisms as “Little animalcules”. This microscope could magnify up to 266 times....
